JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
Peer Reviewed Journal JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal. Notably, it is a referred, highly indexed, monthly, online international journal with high impact. Subsequently, JournalNX is a platform for researchers, authors, engineers, and technocrats. Also, we are publishing the original and best-quality research. This is our initiative for the betterment of technical society. The main objective, of the peer reviewed journal is to motivate the researchers. It works to achieve excellence in research publishing. In addition, the journal provides the platform for publishing. We publish high quality scientific research work. We have the lowest processing charges. Off course, the scientific research promotion is the motivation behind having the low publication charges. Eventually, Novateur Publication publishes JournalNX. Novateur Publication is moving towards the 9th year of excellence in scientific quality publishing. Further, we believe that, the journal is not international by the name. It is international by the international contributing researchers, editors, reviewers. In all honesty, most important are the authors. International Journal of Scientific Research JournalNX being the International Journal of Scientific Research has following key features. Peer reviewed Journal Online payment Best paper award 2000+ satisfied authors DOI to Each Article Certificate of publication Protected by SSL encryption Unique Object Identifier (UOI) Online article submission Quick response to queries No hidden charges Presence in international databases Yes, we are excellent quality International Journal of Scientific Research. Moreover, JournalNX is one of the best platforms to publish peer reviewed articles with.
PEDAGOGICAL METHODS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE UZBEK SSR (1946–1990)
This article analyzes the development of the school education system and pedagogical methods in the Uzbek SSR between 1946 and 1990 from a historical and pedagogical perspective. It also reveals the evolution of lessons, conversations, demonstrations, practical exercises, collective upbringing, production-related education, and control-evaluation methods in the Soviet school. The article substantiates, based on historical sources, the dual nature of the Soviet educational experience - on the one hand, ensuring mass literacy and schooling, and on the other hand, placing education under strong centralization and ideological control.
Uzbek SSR, Soviet school, pedagogical methods, polytechnic education, ideological education, general secondary education, teaching methods, vocational education, Russification, school reforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based weather monitoring system used to measure environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall. The system uses sensors connected to a microcontroller (ESP32/Arduino) to collect real-time data. The collected data is transmitted over the internet using Wi-Fi technology and displayed on a cloud platform or mobile application. The system provides accurate and continuous monitoring of weather conditions, which can be useful for agriculture, environmental studies, and disaster management. The proposed system is cost-effective, easy to install, and reduces human effort. It also supports real-time alerts and data logging for future analysis.
SMART INDUSTRIAL MONITORING & ALERT SYSTEM
Industrial safety and efficiency are critical aspects in modern manufacturing environments. Traditional monitoring systems often fail to provide real-time alerts, leading to potential hazards and production losses. The Smart Industrial Monitoring & Alert System is designed to continuously monitor environmental and machine parameters such as temperature, gas leakage, humidity, and vibration using sensors. This system uses microcontrollers and IoT technology to collect real-time data and send alerts through GSM/Wi-Fi modules. The system ensures early detection of abnormal conditions, reducing accidents and improving operational efficiency. Additionally, it minimizes manual supervision and enhances automation in industries. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and scalable for small and large industries.
Smart Monitoring, Industrial Automation, IoT, Sensors, GSM Module, Safety System
FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ EXPERIENCES IN ORGANIZING SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES (THE CASES OF SINGAPORE AND JAPAN)
The article gives a comparative analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the experience of foreign countries in the organization and management of spiritual and educational work on the example of Singapore and Japan.
Toxirov Botirjon Gofurjon o'gli Toxirov Botirjon G'ofurjon o'gli
This study presents an energy conservation audit conducted at a polytechnic college campus to evaluate energy consumption patterns and identify opportunities for energy savings. The audit includes analysis of electrical loads such as lighting systems, ceiling fans, computers, laboratory equipment, AC/DC machines, workshop machines, inverter systems, borewell pump, and lift. The total connected load of the campus is found to be 47.65 kW, with a daily energy consumption of 238.25 kWh and monthly consumption of 6194.5 kWh. The study highlights major energy-consuming areas and identifies inefficiencies in equipment usage and operational practices. Various energy conservation measures such as the use of LED lighting, energy-efficient motors, proper scheduling, and automation are suggested. The implementation of these measures can reduce energy consumption by 20–30%, resulting in significant cost savings and environmental benefits. This audit demonstrates the importance of systematic energy management in educational institutions.
SOLAR-ASSISTED EV CHARGING MICROGRID WITH BIDIRECTIONAL INVERTER (V2H DEMO)
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) and the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions have led to the development of solar-assisted EV charging microgrids. This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar photovoltaic (PV)-based EV charging system integrated with a bidirectional inverter to enable Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operation. The proposed system combines PV generation, energy storage, and EV charging infrastructure within a microgrid framework to enhance energy efficiency, reliability, and grid independence. A bidirectional inverter plays a crucial role in enabling two-way power flow between the EV battery, the microgrid, and residential loads. It allows EVs not only to charge from solar energy (PV-to-Vehicle) but also to discharge stored energy back to the home during peak demand or grid outages, demonstrating V2H capability. The system incorporates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for optimal solar energy utilization, along with intelligent energy management strategies to balance supply and demand. Multiple operating modes such as Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and V2H are supported, ensuring flexibility and improved grid stability. The V2H demonstration highlights the potential of EVs as distributed energy storage units that can provide backup power, reduce electricity costs, and enhance resilience in smart homes. Overall, the proposed solar-assisted microgrid offers an eco-friendly and efficient solution for next-generation EV charging infrastructure and decentralized energy systems.
Sensors, Solar, Battery, Charge Controller, Inverter, Voltamperemeter.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ANTICORROSION COATING EFFICIENCY
The huge expenses of oil companies associated with corrosion of metal pipes led to the creation of metal pipes with high corrosion resistance. Coating of pipelines is performed for protection against corrosion, mechanical damage and other external impacts. There are several basic methods of coating pipelines, and the choice of method depends on the operating conditions, type of pipes, protection requirements and cost. The introduction of certain components into the metal and the observance of a certain technology of continuous steel casting makes it possible to obtain metal that is pure in terms of the content of impurities. Such a metal is distinguished by its strength, plastic and corrosion-resistant characteristics. The anticorrosive coating proposed by the authors effectively reduces the corrosion rate of stainless steel and provides a high degree of protection in salt media at various pH and temperature variations. The purpose of this section is to comprehensively evaluate the anticorrosive effectiveness of alkyd-urethane varnish and microsilica coating developed using examples of various types of tubular steels. Methods of simulation of aggressive corrosion conditions are used in the work, which make it possible to reproduce the actual operational factors and objectively assess the protective properties of coatings.
Bitumen, oxygen, aggressive substances, pyrolysis distillate, thermal decomposition, anti-corrosion, composite, bonds, bitumen-polymer matrix, elasticity, crack resistance, adhesion strength, oxidation-polymerization processes.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF RFID-BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
The RFID-Based Attendance System is designed to automate and simplify the process of recording attendance in educational institutions and workplaces. Traditional manual attendance systems are often time-consuming and prone to human errors or proxy marking. This project utilizes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to ensure accurate and efficient attendance management. Each individual is provided with a unique RFID tag that contains a distinct identification number. When the tag is brought near the RFID reader, the microcontroller verifies the data and marks the attendance automatically. The user’s details and confirmation are displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen, while a buzzer provides feedback for successful or invalid scans. This automated approach minimizes human intervention, reduces administrative workload, and ensures reliable record-keeping for long-term data management.
human intervention, reduces administrative workload, and ensures reliable record-keeping for long-term data management
THE CONTENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Preschool children are the most important category, serving as the foundation for the future of society, the state, and the nation. Today, at every stage of development, protecting the environment, rational use of natural resources, cooperation between humans and nature, and ensuring ecological balance have become some of the most pressing issues. Not only at school, but starting from preschool age, it is vitally important to instill the foundations of ecological culture and ecological awareness in children's minds, guiding them to have a correct attitude and encouraging a realistic and active approach to life in today's conditions. The ongoing reforms, scientific and practical work, and methodological materials in our country in the field of ecological education demonstrate the real necessity of this task. The essence of providing ecological education to preschool children is one of the most essential topics today, from the perspective of both pedagogy and life experience, in our rapidly changing world.
Ecological education, preschool age, children, pedagogy, ecosystem, ecological awareness, teacher, state program, preschool education, ecological culture, parents, social environment.
EXTERNAL DEBT OVERHANG AND NIGERIA’S ECONOMY: AN ARDL BASED ANALYSIS
This research investigated the effect of external debt overhang on Nigeria's economy. The research relied on time series data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period 1986 to 2024. The research adopted a series of econometric estimation methods which culminated the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for data analysis. The Jarque-Berra normality test and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (unit root) test were used as diagnostic to test that basic assumptions of the data were satisfied. Findings from the data analysis revealed that external debt overhang and the weight of debt servicing obligations had statistically significant adverse effect on the economy. In all, we posit that external debt causes a problem on the economy due to the build-up of repayment obligations which far outweigh the contributions of the actual borrowing to the economy. Bases on the findings, it is concluded that external borrowing and the challenges associated with it is causing deterioration in the economy as repayment obligations emerge without commensurate income or returns from the funds that were borrowed. This research recommends that the government take steps to ensure that international best practices guiding external borrowing funds are fully implemented. This should include tying borrowed funds to specific capital formation projects of economic value. In addition, giving funds providers’ economic/financial interest in the specified projects will improve the selection and monitoring criteria of such projects. Finally, It is important that the rate of domestic saving be improved in order to build up surplus funds that can be invested within the economy.
External debt, debt over hang, debt burden economic growth, domestic saving.
ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING DIGITAL PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF HIGHER MATHEMATICS TEACHERS
This article provides a scientific analysis of the achievements and existing challenges in the development of digital pedagogical competence among higher mathematics teachers working in higher education institutions. The process of digitalization has brought fundamental changes to the education system, and the importance of using digital tools, especially in teaching exact sciences, is substantiated.
Digital pedagogy, higher mathematics, competence, information technologies, distance education, innovative methods, didactic design.
CONTENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE STEM APPROACH
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the renewal of the content of technological education in the era of scientific and technological progress and its priority tasks based on the STEM approach. The deep integration of digital technologies into human life and production processes, along with radical changes in the innovation-driven economy and the labor market, substantiates the significance of technological education in training competitive professionals. The article considers the STEM approach as an effective means of updating the content of technological education on an integrative, practice-oriented, and competency-based foundation. Furthermore, the tasks of STEM-based technological education aimed at developing students’ technical thinking, engineering mindset, problem-solving abilities, creativity, and innovation skills are highlighted. The results of the study have practical value for updating technological education curricula, improving educational technologies, and strengthening the integration of education with production.
Technological education, scientific and technological progress, STEM approach, integrative education, technical thinking, engineering competencies, innovation.
THE ROLE OF GENETIC DISORDERS IN THE FORMATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN AUTISM
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions with marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Modern molecular genetic studies confirm the key role of hereditary factors in the formation of pathological changes in neural networks. Genetic disorders affect the processes of synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, regulation of neuronal excitability, and interneuronal adhesion. Of particular importance are de novo mutations, variations in the number of gene copies, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and epigenetic changes that affect the expression of genes regulating the development of the central nervous system. The paper systematizes current data on the molecular mechanisms by which genetic defects disrupt the formation of neural networks and discusses the prospects for genetically oriented diagnostics and targeted therapy.
Autism spectrum disorders, neural networks, SHANK, SCN2A, synaptogenesis, epigenetics.
IMPROVED CLEANING DEVICE DETERMINATION OF PILE LENGTH, INFLUENCE OF LENGTH ON MASS AND INSPECTION OF SHAFT STRENGTH
In this article, by finding the optimal lengths of inclined pile drum piles, the change in drum weight was determined, and finally, the strength state was studied as a result of increasing the drum deflection.
Cotton cleaning, machine, pile drum, pile inclination angle, pile length, strength, amplitude, rotation speed.
AUTOMATIC AGRICULTURE WEATHER STATION MONITORING WITH SMART FARMING USING IOT TECHNOLOGY
The IoT-based Smart Irrigation and Automatic Weather Monitoring System is designed to improve water management and support smart farming using modern technology. This project uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to collect data from different sensors such as a Soil Moisture Sensor, Rain Sensor, and DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. These sensors continuously monitor environmental and soil conditions in agricultural fields. The collected data is processed by the Arduino, which automatically controls a water pump through a relay module when the soil moisture level falls below a predefined value. An LCD displays shows real-time information such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and rainfall status. Additionally, a Bluetooth module (HC-05) is used to transmit data to a mobile device for remote monitoring. This system helps farmers reduce water wastage, improve crop productivity, and automate irrigation without constant human supervision. The project demonstrates how Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be applied in agriculture to create an efficient, cost-effective, and intelligent irrigation system for modern farming.
DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, Bluetooth module, IOT technology.
IOT BASED TRANSFROMER HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
The transfon11er is playing a vital role in the electrical power grid. As it deals with high voltage and current which can greatly affect the functioning and physical condition of the device, continuous monitoring has become an integrated part of its operation. This paper presents a review on JoT (Internet of Things) based electrical parameters monitoring and controlling technology to avoid its successive catastrophic failures. Here, different sensors and server models are used for communication, mostly GSM-GPRS is used. In case of some abno1111ality, this advanced monitoring system will deliver a message to a dedicated device for further course of action. The work done in recent few years in the field of parameter monitoring using the internet is discussed here.
Sensors, IoT, GSM, GPRS, Transformer Health Monitoring
The overall objective of the project is to design and fabricate a solar-powered electric vehicle. The objective of the project thus far was to produce a detailed first iteration design with planning materials. The vehicle is to adhere to the engineering guidelines stated for the Shell Eco-Marathon Urban Division competition. The competition does not require the use of a solar module, but this project will incorporate the use of solar energy to charge the vehicle battery. This competition is based on efficiency; therefore, energy efficiency will be of higher priority. Other major constraints on the project were time and budget. To accomplish this goal, subsystems such as the frame, drivetrain, power, suspension, and steering were designed individually and integrated into a master assembly model. SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software, was used for design and modeling, as well as finite element analysis (FEA). Secondary support software such as Excel, VSusp, and solar analyzing software were used to assist in the planning of the various subsystems, as well as data collection and assortment. Subsystems that were modeled and analyzed through quantitative methods were purchased and fabricated. Subsystems that did not complete the design and analysis phase were not constructed. Further analysis is required to move these subsystems forward. In the future, optimization and new subsystem configurations should be prioritized. This project concluded with the first iteration of what will someday be a Shell Eco-Marathon competition vehicle.
SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software, was used for design and modeling
UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION ROBOTIC SYSTEM
Underground electrical cables play a crucial role in modern power distribution systems, especially in urban areas where overhead lines are unsafe or impractical. However, detecting faults in underground cables is a complex and time-consuming process using traditional methods, as it requires extensive digging, leading to traffic congestion, increased repair costs, and significant inconvenience. To address these challenges, this project presents the design and implementation of an intelligent robotic car for accurate underground electrical cable fault detection. The proposed system operates by moving along the ground surface directly above the buried cable while continuously monitoring current flow using electromagnetic sensing techniques. An LEDLDR optical detection system is employed to detect variations in signal intensity caused by faults in the cable. When a fault occurs and the current flow is interrupted, the robotic car automatically stops at the precise fault location. Relay-controlled motors enable smooth movement and precise control of the robot, while capacitors are used for delay stabilization to eliminate false triggering and ensure reliable fault detection. This automated approach minimizes the need for manual inspection and unnecessary excavation, significantly reducing fault detection time and maintenance costs. The system is economical, portable, and easy to operate, making it highly suitable for power distribution maintenance, urban infrastructure management, and smart city applications.
Underground Cable, Fault Detection, Robotic System, Controller Unit, Sensors.
THE PARADIGM OF DIGITAL LINGUODIDACTICS IN PEDAGOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION AT JIZPU
The rapid digitalization of the global educational space necessitates a fundamental restructuring of philological disciplines. This article explores the integration of digital linguodidactics into the process of teaching the Russian language at a pedagogical university. Focusing on the educational environment of Jizzakh State Pedagogical University (JizPU), the study investigates the transition from traditional descriptive methods to Data-Driven Learning (DDL), utilizing linguistic corpora and interactive platforms. The research identifies the psychological and pedagogical conditions necessary for the successful integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The findings demonstrate that a hybrid pedagogical model significantly enhances the discursive competence of future teachers, ensuring their competitiveness in the modern educational market of Uzbekistan.
Digital Linguodidactics, Russian as a Foreign/Second Language, Corpus Linguistics, Pedagogical Innovation, JizPU, ICT Competence, Philological Education.
HALL-EFFECT SENSOR BASED NON-CONTACT AC MOTOR SPEED MONITORING AND DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH HIGH AND LOW SPEED ALERTS
The project “Hall-Effect Sensor Based Non-Contact AC Motor Speed Monitoring and Display System with High and Low Speed Alerts” presents an efficient and reliable method for measuring the speed of an AC motor without physical contact. In industrial applications, accurate speed monitoring is essential for ensuring proper operation, safety, and maintenance of machines. This system uses a Hall-Effect sensor to detect the magnetic field generated by a rotating component attached to the motor shaft. Each rotation produces a pulse, which is processed by a microcontroller to calculate the motor speed in revolutions per minute (RPM).
buzzer or indicator, enabling quick corrective action
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF LIVER FUNCTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND THEIR CORRECTION
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global healthcare problem due to its high economic burden and its contribution to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The often asymptomatic course of CKD leads to the extrapolation of the prevalence of end-stage renal disease to the overall prevalence of CKD. To assess the global prevalence of this condition, the authors conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases. A total of 32 sources were analyzed, covering various aspects of the topic. The review demonstrates the high relevance and social significance of CKD worldwide due to its high prevalence (ranging from 6.86% to 34.3% across different countries), low detection rates at early stages, significant comorbidity, and challenges in implementing preventive measures. Determining the current prevalence of CKD is essential for the proper allocation of healthcare resources in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.
Chronic kidney disease, liver function tests, transaminases, albumin, dialysis, hepatoprotectors.
THE ROLE OF MEDICAL WORKERS IN SOCIAL PREVENTION
This article analyzes the role of social prevention in strengthening public health and the urgent tasks facing medical workers in disease prevention. Specifically, it covers issues of developing a healthy lifestyle, raising medical culture, and early diagnosis within the primary health care system.
Social prevention, healthy lifestyle, primary health care, patronage service, screening, valeology.
PEDAGOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF CREATIVE THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING PHYSICS
This article analyzes pedagogical and methodological factors that affect the formation of creative thinking in students during the teaching of physics. The study scientifically and theoretically substantiates the content of physics education, modern approaches used in the lesson, and methods that serve to develop students' independent thinking and creative problem-solving skills. It also highlights the effectiveness of problem-based learning, interactive methods, experimental and laboratory exercises, project-based learning, and the use of information and communication technologies in the formation of creative thinking. According to the results of the study, the need to organize the educational process based on innovative methods, increase student activity, and integrate theoretical knowledge with practical activities is justified in order to develop creative thinking in physics lessons.
Physics education, creative thinking, creative thinking, pedagogical factors, methodological factors, problem-based learning, interactive methods, innovative approach, laboratory exercises, reflection.
INNOVATIVE CAPACITY AND BUSINESS OUTCOMES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN PORT HARCOURT
This study examined the relationship between innovative capacity and business outcomes of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of innovativeness on financial performance and customer satisfaction. A quantitative research design employing a descriptive survey approach was adopted. Data were collected from 200 SME owners and managers using a structured questionnaire measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyze the data at a 5% level of significance.
Customer Satisfaction; Entrepreneurship; Financial Performance; Innovativeness
Traffic congestion is a major problem in urban areas due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles and inefficient traffic signal management. Traditional traffic light systems operate on fixed time intervals and do not consider the real-time density of vehicles at intersections, which often leads to unnecessary delays and increased fuel consumption. To address this issue, this paper presents an IoT-based density driven traffic control system that dynamically manages traffic signals according to vehicle density on each road.The proposed system uses sensors and IoT devices to continuously monitor traffic flow at road intersections.
Density-Based Traffic Control, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Traffic Management, Vehicle Density Detection, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Real-Time Traffic Monitoring, Traffic Signal Automation.
In today’s world, mechatronics and automation are used to make system faster and safer by reducing human mistake. Many vehicles already have alarm systems that warn the driver when the vehicle comes too close to an object, but these alarms depend on the driver’s response, which can sometimes cause accidents. To solve this problem, we have designed an automatic hand brake system that uses sensors to apply the brake automatically and stop the vehicle from moving backward. This system is mainly useful for heavy vehicles like trucks and buses that use pneumatic breaking systems. In this project, the hand brake is applied automatically when the ignition is switched off and released when the ignition is switched on. The main goal of this project is to develop a simple, low-cost, and reliable system using locally available components.
Micro switch, Actuator unit, Microcontroller, Relay Module, Power Sources.
ADAPTIVE ALERT SMART GLASSES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE
This project presents adaptive alert smart glasses designed to help visually impaired people move safely and independently. The system uses sensors to detect obstacles in front of the user. When an obstacle is detected, the system provides an alert through a buzzer or vibration. The main goal of this project is to provide an efficient and affordable assistive technology that increases the mobility and freedom of people who are blind or visually impaired. This system is low-cost, portable, and easy to use.
Smart Glasses, Visually Impaired People, Obstacle Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino, Alert System.
Manual attendance systems in schools, colleges, and offices are time-consuming and prone to errors such as proxy attendance and inaccurate record keeping. The RFID Based Attendance System is designed to automate the attendance process using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. In this system, each user is provided with a unique RFID card that contains identification data. When the card is scanned near the RFID reader, the system automatically reads the card information and records the attendance in the database through a microcontroller. The recorded data can then be stored, displayed, or processed for further use such as report generation. The system uses an RFID reader to detect the card, a microcontroller to process the information, and a display or computer interface to show attendance status. This automated approach reduces manual effort, minimizes errors, and prevents proxy attendance. The proposed system is efficient, reliable, and cost-effective, making it suitable for use in educational institutions and workplaces for accurate and convenient attendance management.
RFID Reader , Arduino Uno, RTC Module , LCD Display, Buzzer.
Automatic Reverse Breaking System is a safety system used in vehicles to prevent accidents while reversing. It uses sensors to detect obstacles behind the vehicle. When an object is detected at a short distance, the system automatically applies the brakes to stop the vehicle. This system improves safety and helps avoid collisions during reversing.
Micro controller, actuator, control unit, ultrasonic sensor, solenoid.
Water pollution caused by floating waste such as plastic bottles, wrappers, and other debris is a major environmental concern in rivers, lakes, and ponds. The Solar Powered Water Trash Collector is designed to automatically collect floating waste from water surfaces using renewable energy. The system uses solar panels to generate electrical energy, which powers DC motors through a motor driver to move the collector and operate the collection mechanism. The collected waste is stored in a container attached to the system. This project helps reduce manual effort, saves energy, and promotes eco-friendly waste management. The proposed system is cost-effective, sustainable, and suitable for maintaining cleanliness in small water bodies.
Solar panel, Water pollution, Floating waste, Waste management.