JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
Peer Reviewed Journal JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal. Notably, it is a referred, highly indexed, monthly, online international journal with high impact. Subsequently, JournalNX is a platform for researchers, authors, engineers, and technocrats. Also, we are publishing the original and best-quality research. This is our initiative for the betterment of technical society. The main objective, of the peer reviewed journal is to motivate the researchers. It works to achieve excellence in research publishing. In addition, the journal provides the platform for publishing. We publish high quality scientific research work. We have the lowest processing charges. Off course, the scientific research promotion is the motivation behind having the low publication charges. Eventually, Novateur Publication publishes JournalNX. Novateur Publication is moving towards the 9th year of excellence in scientific quality publishing. Further, we believe that, the journal is not international by the name. It is international by the international contributing researchers, editors, reviewers. In all honesty, most important are the authors. International Journal of Scientific Research JournalNX being the International Journal of Scientific Research has following key features. Peer reviewed Journal Online payment Best paper award 2000+ satisfied authors DOI to Each Article Certificate of publication Protected by SSL encryption Unique Object Identifier (UOI) Online article submission Quick response to queries No hidden charges Presence in international databases Yes, we are excellent quality International Journal of Scientific Research. Moreover, JournalNX is one of the best platforms to publish peer reviewed articles with.
CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL LIBRARIES TRANSFORMING LIBRARIES IN VIKSIT BHARAT 2047: A STUDY
The vision of "Viksit Bharat 2047"(Developed India) aim a technologically advanced, self-reliant, and digitally empowered India, digital libraries playing a significant role in research, education, and Informative society. This paper explores the cyber security threats faced by digital libraries, It reviews existing literature on cyber security in libraries and highlights the importance of robust security measures the paper also discusses future trends in cyber security
Viksit Bharat, Data Privacy, Digital Library, Cyber Security
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
THE ROLE OF DATA PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIAN E-COMMERCE
The rapid expansion of e-commerce in India has revolutionized the retail sector by enabling businesses to reach a wider customer base through digital platforms. The increasing use of online shopping, digital payments, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence has resulted in the large-scale collection and processing of consumers' personal data. While these technological advancements have enhanced customer convenience and business efficiency, they have also raised significant concerns regarding data privacy, cybersecurity, identity theft, and misuse of personal information. To address these challenges, India has strengthened its legal framework through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), the Information Technology Act, 2000, and related regulatory guidelines. This paper examines the role of data protection laws in regulating Indian e-commerce, evaluates their impact on consumer trust and business compliance, and identifies the challenges and future directions for effective data governance in the digital economy.
FINTECH REGULATIONS AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA
FinTech (Financial Technology) has transformed India's financial landscape by improving access to banking, credit, insurance, investments, and digital payments. Government initiatives such as Digital India, Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhaar, and Unified Payments Interface (UPI), together with the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) regulatory framework, have accelerated financial inclusion. At the same time, regulators have introduced measures to safeguard consumers, strengthen cybersecurity, ensure data privacy, and maintain financial stability. The challenge for policymakers is to encourage innovation while ensuring responsible growth of the FinTech ecosystem.
FinTech, Financial Inclusion, RBI, Digital Payments, UPI, Account Aggregator, Regulatory Sandbox, Digital Lending, Financial Literacy, India.
DIGITAL ETHICS IN HRM: EXPLORING THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF AI IN RECRUITMENT, MONITORING AND EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING
This research critically explores the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Human Resource Management (HRM), with a particular focus on its applications in recruitment, employee monitoring and performance evaluation. As AI technologies are increasingly integrated into HR practices, they offer substantial operational efficiencies but simultaneously introduce a range of complex ethical challenges. These challenges are particularly evident in the areas of fairness, transparency, privacy and employee well-being.
Digital Ethics in HRM, Responsible AI Use, AI in Employee Well-being, AI-Driven Recruitment, Employee Monitoring with AI, AI Transparency in HRM, AI and Employee Fairness
GENRE SYNCRETISM AND ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE HEROIC SPIRIT IN CURRENT UZBEKISTAN NOVELISM
This article examines the manifestations of genre syncretism in contemporary Uzbek prose through the analysis of Omon Mukhtor's novel Ming Bir Qiyofa and Iqbol Mirzo's novel Bonu. The study explores the interaction of prose and lyricism, epic and dramatic elements, as well as the artistic functions of poetic insertions and their role in revealing the inner world of characters. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis of psychologism, symbolism, and philosophical reflection, which contribute to the expansion of genre boundaries and the enrichment of artistic thinking in modern Uzbek fiction.
Syncretism, literary text, prose, uzbek literary, criticism, lyric poetry, the novel genre, plot, lyrical elements, dramatic elements, epic elements, essay, literary theory, methodology, style, artistic image.
DIALECTICS OF NATIONAL IDEA AND SPIRITUALITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL: FUNDAMENTALS OF SELF-AWARENESS
This academic article analyses the dialectical interrelationship of the concepts of national idea, national self-awareness and personal spirituality, based on fundamental philosophical and sociological principles. The relevance of the study is defined by the growing risk, in today's era of globalisation, of the unification of national cultures and of the alienation of the individual from their own national identity under the influence of ‘mass culture.’ The article ontologically proves that the national idea is not merely an abstract theory, but a living social system that materialises through human practical activity. The study re-evaluates the views of the early 20th-century Jadidism movement representatives (M. Behbudiy, A. Fitrat, A. Avloniy) on national identity and enlightenment through the prism of modern spiritual transformations. Furthermore, the philosophical essence of the process of “manqurtisation” is revealed, and the importance of the triad (trinity) of “national idea - self-awareness - personal spirituality” in forming spiritual immunity against it is highlighted. The article sheds light on the role of national identity in the elevation of the individual to the status of a person, the gnoseological analysis of the concepts of “the national spirit” and “the national code”, and the issues of the harmony between civic and ethnic identity in multinational states. The article concludes with the conclusion that the realisation of spiritual identity is the fundamental foundation for democratising society and shaping a new mindset.
National idea, self-awareness, personal spirituality, Jadidism, alienation, mankurtisation, national code, national spirit, dialectics, social consciousness.
THE SOCIO-ONTOLOGICAL ESSENCE AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL TRADITIONS: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VALUES OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE
This article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the socio-ontological nature of national customs and traditions, which is the fundamental basis of the development of society. The study makes a case for the fact that traditions are not just a static relic of the past, but a dynamic system that ensures the spiritual genotype of the nation and social stability.
Ontology, social determinism, tradition, tradition, national identity, water symbolism, Beruni, spiritual genotype,
FORMATION OF A MODERN MODEL OF PATRIOTISM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND NATIONAL APPROACH
This article analyzes the formation of a modern model of patriotism from an international comparative perspective. The characteristics, goals, content, and methods of patriotic education models implemented in China, Russia, the United States, and Singapore are examined. According to the research results, each state has formed a patriotism model corresponding to its historical, cultural, and political features. China emphasizes political identity and historical-cultural heritage, Russia prioritizes historical heroism and military-patriotic education, the United States focuses on civic participation and democratic values, while Singapore concentrates on multicultural integration and national identity formation. For Uzbekistan, the conceptual idea "The Homeland is Great, the Duty is Sacred!", a continuous education system, and the use of innovative pedagogical technologies are proposed as a national approach.
Patriotism, modern model, national approach, foreign experience, comparative study, pedagogical technology, national identity, state policy.
FACTORS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE TRANSFORMATION: A THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
This scholarly article provides a comprehensive theoretical-methodological and empirical analysis of the key factors influencing social justice transformation: economic, political-institutional, educational, cultural-normative, and technological. The study employs John Rawls's Theory of Justice, Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom, and Martha Nussbaum's central capabilities approach as its theoretical foundation.
Social justice, inequality, transformation, institutions, capability approach, economic justice, legal reform, digital inclusion, social capital, Uzbekistan.
PRAGMATIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING ILLOCUTION AND PERLOCUTION IN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE (BASED ON UZBEK LANGUAGE)
This article examines the pragmatic means of expressing illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in advertising discourse based on the Uzbek language. The study focuses on how speech acts function within advertising texts and how linguistic devices are used to influence the addressee’s perception and behavior. Particular attention is given to the interaction between language and persuasion in advertising communication. The analysis reveals that illocutionary force is mainly expressed through directive and expressive language means, while perlocutionary effects are achieved through persuasive strategies aimed at shaping consumer response. The findings demonstrate that advertising discourse is a highly pragmatic field where linguistic choices are closely linked to communicative intention and audience impact.
advertising discourse, pragmatics, illocution, perlocution, speech act theory, Uzbek language, persuasion, communicative intention, linguistic means.
BIO-BRICKS BY USING AGRICULTURE WASTE RECYCLING OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
The present project titled “Bio bricks” focuses on the development of sustainable construction materials using agricultural waste such as sugarcane bagasse and soybean waste. Rapid growth in the construction industry has led to the excessive consumption of natural resources and increased environmental pollution. Traditional fired clay bricks release large amounts of greenhouse gases and require topsoil for manufacturing, resulting in significant environmental degradation. In this study, agricultural waste residues are recycled and utilized as raw materials in the manufacturing of bio-bricks. The collected waste is processed, mixed with binding materials, moulded into standard brick sizes, and the use of high-temperature firing. Various experimental tests such as compressive strength, water absorption, density, and thermal performance are conducted to evaluate the suitability of agro-waste bricks as a construction material. The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of bio-bricks using agricultural waste as a primary raw material. Agricultural residues are combined with natural binders and subjected to molding and curing processes to produce lightweight, eco- friendly building units. The physical and mechanical properties of the bio-bricks, including compressive strength, water absorption, density, and thermal insulation, are assessed and compared with traditional construction materials.
Bio-bricks, Agriculture Waste, Sugarcane Bagasse, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Eco-friendly Construction, Waste Management.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON NEWS WRITING AND MEDIA LANGUAGE: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
This article examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on news writing and media language. The study explores the growing use of AI technologies in journalism, particularly in automated content generation, data processing, and rapid news dissemination. Special attention is given to the linguistic characteristics of AI-generated texts and their influence on the transformation of contemporary media language. The paper also discusses the opportunities provided by AI, including increased efficiency, accuracy, and personalization of news content. At the same time, it addresses major challenges and ethical concerns related to AI in journalism, such as misinformation, authorship issues, transparency, and algorithmic bias. The findings suggest that while AI significantly enhances journalistic productivity and reshapes media communication, its implementation should be balanced with human oversight and professional journalistic standards. The study concludes by highlighting future perspectives of AI-human collaboration in news production and the continuing evolution of media language in the digital era.
Artificial Intelligence, news writing, media language, journalism, automated content generation, digital media, linguistic transformation.
CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING GENDER CHARACTERISTICS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This scientific article comprehensively analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of identifying gender characteristics in the educational process, their pedagogical significance, and possibilities for practical application. In the modern education system, a learner-centered approach is considered a priority, in which the individual characteristics of students, including gender differences, occupy an important place. During the research, the essence of the concept of gender, its social and psychological aspects, and its influence on the educational process were studied. The article substantiates psychological, cognitive, social, behavioral, and motivational factors as criteria for identifying gender characteristics. In addition, the negative impact of gender stereotypes on students’ development is revealed. Based on the research findings, practical recommendations were developed for implementing a gender-sensitive pedagogical approach. The results demonstrate that an educational process organized on the basis of a gender approach increases students’ activity, strengthens their self-confidence, and improves their social adaptation. This article has significant scientific and practical importance for teachers, researchers, and specialists in the field of education.
Gender, education, pedagogy, gender equality, personality development, differentiated approach.
MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING LEGAL DISCIPLINES IN NON-LAW HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS
The modernization of higher education requires the improvement of legal education not only for law students, but also for students of non-law specialties. In contemporary society, future teachers, economists, engineers, medical workers, and managers increasingly face legal issues in their professional activities. Therefore, the teaching of legal disciplines in non-law higher education programs has become an important component of professional competence formation. The article analyzes modern approaches to teaching legal disciplines in non-law universities, including competency-based learning, interactive teaching methods, digital technologies, case-study methods, interdisciplinary integration, and practice-oriented education. The study examines international and national pedagogical experiences and identifies the main challenges and prospects for improving legal education in non-law higher education institutions. The findings demonstrate that innovative pedagogical methods significantly increase students’ legal awareness, critical thinking, and professional responsibility.
Legal education, non-law higher education, competency-based approach, interactive learning, digital technologies, legal literacy, teaching methodology, interdisciplinary education.
DIGITAL INNOVATION IN TOURISM: THE ROLE OF AI, AR, AND VR IN ENHANCING TOURIST EXPERIENCES
In this research, the author addresses the evolution of emerging digital technologies: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR) in mediating contemporary tourism experiences. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the rapid integration of these technologies has transformed the delivery, access, and sustainability of tourism services. Building on this work and utilising a sound mixed-methods design with a combination of thematic analysis, bibliometric mapping and a systematic literature review of 102 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024, this investigation offers an in-depth analysis of technological innovation surrounding tourism. Results show that the synergy of AI through hyper-personalised, real-time decision-making and inclusive access, AR through context-rich tra-cultural engagement and dynamic crowd management, and VR through immersive destination previews offering environmental awareness and broadening accessibility to overweighted and social limitations, are potentially able to provide a unique multi-smart experience for connecting with the visitors. These techniques act together to support the smart tourism ecosystems which are in accordance with the world sustainability agendas, such as the UN SDGs, specially and particularly through them. The report highlights key challenges including technology fragmentation, infrastructure imbalances, privacy concerns and limited community engagement that impede the responsible and equitable application of these advancements. The paper calls for an integrative policy agenda, ethical design principles and participatory governance to ensure inclusivity, cultural respect and environmental sustainability of digital transformation in tourism. In so doing it reinforces the on-going scholarly debates on the value addition of digital innovation and also provides policy, technological, and destination-specific recommendations for consideration by the policymakers, technologists and tourism parties in the respective context.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in tourism, Augmented Reality (AR) experiences, Virtual Reality (VR) immersion, Smart tourism technologies, Digital innovation in travel.
SOME ISSUES OF USING INTERACTIVE TASKS IN TEACHING INFORMATICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
This article discusses platforms for creating interactive tasks and some issues of their use in teaching Informatics and Information Technologies in academic lyceums.
Interactive task, educational resource, interactive learning platforms, digital technology, web technology, recognition, matching, application, comparison, description, use, creation.
THE USE OF GAME-BASED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of using game-based learning technologies in inclusive education environments. The study examines the effectiveness of game-based approaches for students with diverse developmental needs, methods for integrating them into the educational process, and positive pedagogical outcomes. The article presents conclusions on the use of digital games, role-playing games, simulations, and gamification elements in inclusive classrooms. The research results indicate that appropriately selected game-based methods increase the motivation of all students and individualize the learning process.
Inclusive education, game-based learning, gamification, special educational needs, pedagogical technologies, motivation, individualization.
TASHKENT'S INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND URBAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOVIET ERA: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON R. AMINOVA'S RESEARCH
This article examines the industrial and socio-economic transformation of Tashkent during the mid-twentieth century, drawing on Rakhima Aminova's monograph History of Socialist Tashkent (Vol. 2, 1966). The study traces Tashkent's evolution from a predominantly agrarian and raw-material-oriented city into one of the Soviet Union's major industrial and scientific centers. Special attention is given to the structural changes brought about by Soviet industrialization policy, the evacuation and relocation of enterprises during the Second World War, and the rapid expansion of manufacturing branches in the post-war decades.
Tashkent, Soviet industrialization, history of Central Asia, Rakhima Aminova, industrial transformation, post-war reconstruction, cotton industry.
THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENT LEADERS
This article examines the influence of emotional intelligence on the academic and social activity of student leaders from a socio-psychological perspective. In the modern higher education system, it has been scientifically substantiated that students’ leadership abilities, academic achievement, and social activity are closely associated with their level of emotional competence. The study highlights the impact of emotional intelligence through empathy, emotional stability, self-regulation, motivation, and communication skills on the academic effectiveness and social relationships of student leaders. Furthermore, conclusions are drawn regarding the positive influence of emotional intelligence on students’ sociometric status within groups, initiative, and social adaptation.
Emotional intelligence, student leaders, academic activity, social activity, emotional stability, motivation, empathy, communicative competence.
CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LEADERSHIP ABILITIES AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE INDICATORS
This article analyzes the socio-psychological aspects of the relationship between students’ leadership abilities and emotional intelligence indicators. In the modern educational system, the development of leadership competencies is considered one of the important tasks. The study highlights the influence of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness, as well as the significance of emotional stability, empathy, self-regulation, and communicative competence. In addition, based on correlation analysis, the existence of a positive statistical relationship between leadership level and emotional intelligence indicators was scientifically substantiated.
Leadership, emotional intelligence, students, correlation, emotional stability, empathy, communicative competence, psychology.
This article analyzes the role of linguistic pluralism in societal development and its significance as a social factor. The author highlights the impact of the phenomenon of multilingualism on the development of the individual and society, its role in the development of intercultural communication, and its place in social integration processes. The article also examines problems related to interlingual interaction, the preservation and development of the national language in the context of globalization.
Social factor, pluralism, linguistic pluralism, language, language policy, globalization, national language, bilingualism, pluralism.
DIALECTICS OF TRADITION AND INNOVATIONS IN SHAPING THE MORAL CULTURE OF YOUTH
This article analyzes the dialectical relationship between traditional values and modern innovations in the process of shaping the moral culture of youth from a socio-philosophical perspective. The study substantiates that tradition and innovation are not mutually exclusive but mutually enriching and developing factors. Changes occurring in the moral consciousness of youth, the transformation of traditional norms, and the formation of new moral paradigms under the conditions of contemporary globalization, digital transformation, and cultural pluralism are examined. The article proposes a conceptual model for developing the moral culture of youth based on the dialectical synthesis of tradition and innovation.
Moral culture, tradition, innovation, dialectics, youth, values, transformation, socialization, digital society.
MODERN METHODS AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING ALTRUISTIC COMPETENCES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations, pedagogical conditions and effective methods of developing altruistic competencies in the educational process. The role of altruism in personal development, social adaptation, collective activity and the formation of spiritual values is highlighted. The importance of interactive methods, trainings, collaborative educational technologies and reflective approaches that serve to develop altruistic competencies is also shown.
Altruism, altruistic competence, educational process, pedagogical methods, socio-emotional development, cooperation, reflection, upbringing.
Advertising discourse, pragmatics, illocution, perlocution, speech act theory, Uzbek language, persuasion, communicative intention, linguistic means.
DEVELOPMENT OF MORAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY IN MODERN SCHOOL EDUCATION
The article below examines the issues of formation and development of moral and psychological characteristics of the adolescent personality in the process of modern school education and analyzes them using various literature. This study scientifically substantiates the critical stages of adolescence, the reconstruction of the system of personal relationships during this period, and the role of affiliation motivation.
Adolescent, immunity, moral-psychological characteristics, modern education, affiliation motivation, social adaptation, cyber-ethics, personality development, pedagogical psychology, value system, mentoring.
CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND STRATEGIES OF SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
This article analyzes the individual psychological characteristics of preschool children and the issues of their socio-psychological adaptation to the educational environment. The study highlights mechanisms for mitigating crisis situations during the child’s transition from the family environment to a social educational institution, as well as the biophysiological and psychological levels of adaptation and strategies of pedagogical cooperation. The system of measures presented in the article includes a set of scientific and practical recommendations that take into account the age and individual characteristics of children.
Socio-psychological adaptation, biophysiological homeostasis, adaptive strategies, subject-oriented approach, cognitive development, pedagogical correction, emotional intelligence, socialization.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC AND LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF UZBEK PUBLIC WALKS (SAYILLAR)
The article examines the linguistic characteristics of specific names denoting Uzbek public walks (sayillar) – heortonyms, their emergence, naming, interpretation, structural models, ethnolinguistic and linguaculturological aspects.
Sayil, holiday, flower festival, georonym, lexical base, appellative.
E-ORDERING PRACTICES AND COMPETITIVENESS OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
This study investigated the relationship between e-ordering practices and the competitiveness of oil and gas firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. Competitiveness was operationalized through two key measures — operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The study was theoretically anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) and the Resource-Based View (Barney, 1991), which together provide complementary explanations of how digital ordering system adoption generates competitive capabilities. A correlational research design was adopted. The study population comprised twenty (20) oil and gas firms in Rivers State, from which a stratified purposive sample of 116 respondents was drawn. A total of 110 valid responses were used for analysis. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to managers and senior staff across procurement, operations, marketing, and ICT functions. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at a 0.05 significance level. The findings indicated that e-ordering has a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship with operational efficiency (r = 0.563, p < 0.05) and a moderate positive and significant relationship with customer satisfaction (r = 0.596, p < 0.05). The study concludes that e-ordering practices are significant, though moderate, drivers of competitive outcomes in oil and gas firms. It recommends that firms invest in advanced web-based ordering systems, integrate e-ordering platforms with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and build staff capacity to leverage digital ordering capabilities for enhanced operational and customer performance.
E-Ordering, Competitiveness, Operational Efficiency, Customer Satisfaction, Oil and Gas, Technology Acceptance Model, Resource-Based View, Rivers State
SUSTAINABLE CROP PRESERVATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTEGRATED SOLAR AND BIOMASS HYBRID DRYERS
Post-harvest spoilage remains a critical challenge for global food security, particularly in tropical regions where traditional open sun drying is hindered by weather dependency, slow drying rates, and contamination risks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of integrated solar and biomass hybrid dryers as a sustainable solution for continuous, year-round crop preservation. By synthesizing recent advancements in dryer configurations—including greenhouse, cabinet, and tunnel designs—this review evaluates how the integration of biomass burners and thermal energy storage units addresses the intermittent nature of solar energy. Analysis of current literature reveals that hybrid systems can consistently maintain drying chamber temperatures between 65°C and 80°C, significantly reducing drying times for high-moisture crops like mangoes, coconuts, and peppers to a 2–3 day window. Key technical innovations are examined, specifically the implementation of tray baffles to enhance airflow uniformity and the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for thermal optimization. Furthermore, the review discusses the efficacy of various mathematical models, noting that the Henderson and Pabis thin-layer model provides superior accuracy in predicting drying kinetics for most tropical products. The findings demonstrate that while hybrid solar-biomass technologies improve thermal efficiency (reaching levels of 29-30%) and preserve vital nutritional content like Vitamin C, further research is needed to optimize biomass heat exchanger designs and automate control systems. This study serves as a technical roadmap for researchers and stakeholders aiming to implement decentralized, renewable drying solutions in the agricultural sector.
Solar-biomass hybrid dryer, Sustainable crop preservation, Thermal efficiency, Mathematical modeling, Biomass heater, Post-harvest loss.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ORGANIZATION IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The modernization of preschool education requires the implementation of effective management systems supported by digital technologies. This study analyzes the organizational and pedagogical foundations of management systems in preschool institutions. A qualitative research approach was used, including analytical review and comparative analysis of existing practices. The findings indicate that digital management systems improve administrative efficiency, strengthen communication, and enhance child development monitoring. The study also identifies challenges and proposes practical recommendations for optimizing management processes.
Preschool education, management system, digital technologies, leadership, early childhood education