LOGIC AS A SCIENCE ON THE FORMS AND LAWS OF RIGHT THINKING

Abstract

Logic is the science of the forms and laws of correct thinking. It appeared around the 4th century BC. e. in Ancient Greece. Its creator is the famous ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle. As you can see, logic is about 2.5 thousand years old. However, it still retains its practical significance. Many of the sciences and arts of the Ancient World are gone forever and are only of “museum” significance for us, they are interesting only as ancient monuments, but some of them have survived centuries, and at the present time we continue to use them. These include the geometry of Euclid (which we study in school) and the logic of Aristotle, which is also called traditional logic. In the 19th century, symbolic (or mathematical) logic appeared and began to develop rapidly. In traditional logic, natural language (the one we speak, write, read) is used to study correct thinking, and in symbolic logic, an artificial language, or a language of symbols, similar to the language of mathematics. Symbolic logic is a rather specific and difficult science, it can be considered as a branch of mathematics and computer science. Aristotelian logic, on the contrary, being broader, is a kind of universal science: its development is equally useful and even necessary for every person, regardless of which areas of knowledge and subjects are closer to him - socially humanitarian, natural mathematical or -technical. Therefore, our book is devoted to Aristotelian, or traditional, logic.