FEATURES OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND THE DAILY PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is one of the most pressing problems of cardiology. In the development of arterial hypertension, the gender and age of patients are important, in particular, periods of hormonal restructuring of the body. Numerous studies have proven the relationship between the development of arterial hypertension and the onset of menopause in women (8,9). A number of factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of hypertension during this period: changes in hemodynamics due to hormonal shifts, the development of metabolic syndrome, and an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system. Hormonal changes are determined by a significant decrease in the level of estrogens and progesterone against the background of a relative predominance of androgens, increased secretion of gonadotropic (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing) hormones (4). Cardiovascular protective properties of estrogens have been experimentally proven in the female body, estrogen receptors have been found on the surface of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.Deprivation of the beneficial effects of estrogens on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, vascular wall, renin-angiotensin and blood clotting systems and, as a result, the development of menopausal metabolic syndrome can be regarded as the cause of an increase in the incidence of hypertension in women in the menopausal period (1,2.). Against the background of a deficiency of sex hormones, so-called menopausal disorders may occur. The most well-known early manifestation of menopausal disorders is Climacteric Syndrome (CS) - this is a kind of symptom complex, which is characterized by neuropsychic, vasomotor and metabolic-endocrine disorders that occur against the background of age-related changes that complicate the course of the menopausal period. The development of menopausal syndrome may precede menopause and persist for quite a long time in postmenopause.(5,7) The presence of menopausal syndrome significantly worsens the course of arterial hypertension that occurred in premenopause, and worsens the course of the disease (an increase in the degree of hypertension) in postmenopause.