IMMONUEL KANT - TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY: MODERNIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE SUBJECT

Abstract

This article analyzes the development of the concept of the subject in Immanuel Kant's transcendental philosophy and how it was further refined in the field of phenomenology, particularly in the works of Edmund Husserl. It demonstrates how Kant presents the subject as an active knower, with the process of cognition described as an activity carried out through mental forms and categories. The article also examines Kant's concepts of the phenomenal and noumenal worlds, the claim that self-consciousness of the subject can only be understood at the phenomenal level, and the development of these ideas in the works of thinkers such as Husserl, Heidegger, and Sartre. The article highlights the significant influence of Kant's concept of the subject in contemporary epistemology and phenomenology and emphasizes how this concept has opened up broad possibilities for scientific research and reflection.